Over the last several decades we have witnessed tremendous changes in dairy production systems.

It should be a common philosophy among dairy veterinarians that it is far preferable to get off to a good start and assure/maintain health than to make up for deficiencies later and treat disease.

Over the last 10 years we have seen a very substantial change in dairy producers' approach to Johne's disease.

Dairy production systems in the U.S. have changed considerably over the last several decades due to forces that promote economic efficiency of production and to scientific and technological advances that afford opportunities for change.

National survey data concerning dairy calf health and survival have shown very substantial death rates over the last 10 to 15 years.

Mortality rates in the dairy industry are much higher than those in the cow calf or feedlot industries.

While the leading causes of calf illness and death within the first few days after delivery are non-infectious physiological disturbances, after that time, the majority of illness and death losses are attributable to infectious conditions.

In the overwhelming majority of cases (except when a veterinarian delivers a calf in dystocia), the owner/herd manager will be the person best positioned to combat newborn calf health problems.

This question can stimulate some very lively discussions. Understandably, many livestock producers can respond very negatively to the topic.