Ideally, you need at least one trained assistant to adequately perform most of these selected distal limb, head, and neck surgeries.

Rostral Mandibular & Maxillary Fractures: Fractures of the rostral mandible and premaxilla/incisive bones that can be repaired with wire or acrylic.

Goal of all techniques is to create a mucosal tunnel extending from the urethral orifice to near the mucocutaneous junction.

If the side of cryptorchidism is unknown, surgery can be prolonged and laparoscopic exploration of the abdomen may be a better approach.