CONCLUSION

FIP is an enigmatic disease that can frustrate clinicians and distress cat owners. It remains the focus of intense research, and the findings hold promise for understanding the pathogenesis, improving diagnostic tests, and developing effective treatment and control strategies.

Melissa A. Kennedy, DVM, PhD, DACVM (virology, immunology, bacteriology/mycology)
Department of Comparative Medicine
College of Veterinary Medicine
The University of Tennessee
Knoxville, TN 37996

1. Herrewegh AA, Smeenk I, Horzinek MC, et al. Feline coronavirus type II strains 79-1683 and 79-1146 originate from a double recombination between feline coronavirus type I and canine coronavirus. J Virol 1998;72(5):4508-4514.

2. Benetka V, Kübber-Heiss A, Kolodziejek J, et al. Prevalence of feline coronavirus types I and II in cats with histopathologically verified feline infectious peritonitis. Vet Microbiol 2004;99(1):31-42.

3. Pedersen NC, Allen CE, Lyons LA. Pathogenesis of feline enteric coronavirus infection. J Feline Med Surg 2008;10(6):529-541.

4. Harpold LM, Legendre AM, Kennedy MA, et al. Fecal shedding of feline coronavirus in adult cats and kittens in an Abyssinian cattery. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215(7):948-951.

5. Addie DD, Toth S, Murray GD, et al. Risk of feline infectious peritonitis in cats naturally infected with feline coronavirus. Am J Vet Res 1995;56(4):429-434.

6. Panzero RA. An outbreak of feline infectious peritonitis in a colony of Cornish Rex cats. Feline Pract 1992;20(4):7-8.

7. Kennedy MA, Boedeker N, Gibbs P, et al. Deletions in the 7a ORF of feline coronavirus associated with an epidemic of feline infectious peritonitis. Vet Microbiol 2001;81(3):227-234.

8. Herrewegh AA, Vennema H, Horzinek MC, et al. The molecular genetics of feline coronaviruses: comparative sequence analysis of the ORF7a/7b transcription unit of different biotypes. Virology 1995;212(2):622-631.

9. Vennema H, Poland A, Foley J, et al. Feline infectious peritonitis viruses arise by mutation from endemic feline enteric coronaviruses. Virology 1998;243(1):150-157.

10. Kipar A, Baptiste K, Barth A, et al. Natural FCoV infection: cats with FIP exhibit significantly higher viral loads than healthy infected cats. J Feline Med Surg 2006;8(1):69-72.

11. Rottier PJM, Nakamura K, Schellen P, et al. Acquisition of macrophage tropism during the pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis is determined by mutations in the feline coronavirus spike protein. J Virol 2005;79(22):14122-14130.

12. de Groot-Mijnes JDF, van Dun JM, van der Most RG, et al. Natural history of a recurrent feline coronavirus infection and the role of cellular immunity in survival and disease. J Virol 2005;79(2):1036-1044.

13. Meli M, Kipar K, Müller C, et al. High viral loads despite absence of clinical and pathological findings in cats experimentally infected with feline coronavirus (FCoV) type I and in naturally FCoV-infected cats. J Feline Med Surg 2004;6(2):69-81.

14. Dye C, Siddell SG. Genomic RNA sequence of feline coronavirus strain FCoV C1Je. J Feline Med Surg 2007;9(3):202-213.

15. Kipar A, May H, Menger S, et al. Morphologic features and development of granulomatous vasculitis in feline infectious peritonitis. Vet Pathol 2005;42(3):321-330.

16. Kipar A, Bellmann S, Kremendahl J, et al. Cellular composition, coronavirus antigen expression and production of specific antibodies in lesions in feline infectious peritonitis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1998;65(2-4):243-257.

17. Pedersen NC. Virologic and immunologic aspects of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection. Adv Exp Med Biol 1987;218:529-550.

18. Jacobse-Geels HEL, Daha MR, Horzinek MC. Isolation and characterization of feline C3 and evidence for the immune complex pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis. J Immunol 1980;125(4):1606-1610.

19. Giordano A, Paltrinieri S. Interferon-gamma in the serum and effusions of cats with feline coronavirus infection. Vet J 2009;180(3):396-398.

20. Berg AL, Ekman K, Belák S, et al. Cellular composition and interferon-gamma expression of the local inflammatory response in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Vet Microbiol 2005;111(1-2):15-23.

21. Gelain ME, Meli M, Paltrinieri S. Whole blood cytokine profiles in cats infected by feline coronavirus and healthy non-FCoV infected specific pathogen-free cats. J Feline Med Surg 2006;8(6):389-399.

22. Takano T, Hohdatsu T, Hashida Y, et al. A "possible" involvement of TNF-alpha in apoptosis induction in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cats with feline infectious peritonitis. Vet Microbiol 2007;119(2-4):121-131.

23. Regan AD, Cohen RD, Whittaker GR. Activation of p38 MAPK by feline infectious peritonitis virus regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production in primary blood-derived feline mononuclear cells. Virology 2009;384(1):135-143.

24. Haagmans BL, Egberink HF, Horzinek MC. Apoptosis and T-cell depletion during feline infectious peritonitis. J Virol 1996;70(12):8977-8983.

25. Pesteanu-Somogyi LD, Radzai C, Pressler BM. Prevalence of feline infectious peritonitis in specific cat breeds. J Feline Med Surg 2006;8(1):1-5.

26. Foley JE, Pedersen NC. The inheritance of susceptibility to feline infectious peritonitis in purebred catteries. Feline Pract 1996;24(1):14-22.

27. Addie DD, Kennedy LJ, Ryvar R, et al. Feline leucocyte antigen class II polymorphism and susceptibility to feline infectious peritonitis. J Feline Med Surg 2004;6(2):59-62.

28. Kass PH, Dent TH. The epidemiology of feline infectious peritonitis in catteries. Feline Pract 1995;23(3):27-32.

29. Addie DD, Jarrett O. Feline coronavirus infections. In: Greene CE, ed. Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. 3rd ed. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier, 2006;88-102.

30. Hartmann K, Binder C, Hirschberger J, et al. Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis. J Vet Intern Med 2003;17(6):781-790.

31. Paltrinieri S, Giordano A, Tranquillo V, et al. Critical assessment of the diagnostic value of feline alpha1-acid glycoprotein for feline infectious peritonitis using the likelihood ratios approach. J Vet Diagn Invest 2007;19(3):266-272.

32. Sparkes AH, Gruffydd-Jones TJ, Harbour DA. An appraisal of the value of laboratory tests in the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1994;30(4):345-350.

33. Kennedy MA, Brenneman K, Millsaps RK, et al. Correlation of genomic detection of feline coronavirus with various diagnostic assays for feline infectious peritonitis. J Vet Diagn Invest 1998;10(1):93-97.

34. Kennedy MA, Abd-Eldaim M, Zika SE, et al. Evaluation of antibodies against feline coronavirus 7b protein for diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis in cats. Am J Vet Res 2008;69(9):1179-1182.

35. Simons FA, Vennema H, Rofina JE, et al. A mRNA PCR for the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis. J Virol Methods 2005;124(1-2):111-116.

36. Can-Sahna K, Soydal Ataseven V, Pinar D, et al. The detection of feline coronaviruses in blood samples from cats by mRNA RT-PCR. J Feline Med Surg 2007;9(5):369-372.

37. Hartmann K. Feline infectious peritonitis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2005;35(1):39-79.

38. Legendre AM, Bartges JW. Effect of Polyprenyl Immunostimulant on the survival times of three cats with the dry form of feline infectious peritonitis. J Feline Med Surg 2009 May 23. [Epub ahead of print].

39. Addie DD, Paltrinieri S, Pedersen NC. Recommendations from workshops of the second international feline coronavirus/feline infectious peritonitis symposium. J Feline Med Surg 2004;6(2):125-130.

40. Fehr D, Holznagel E, Bolla S, et al. Placebo-controlled evaluation of a modified life virus vaccine against feline infectious peritonitis: safety and efficacy under field conditions. Vaccine 1997;15(10):1101-1109.

41. Richards JR, Elston TH, Ford RB, et al. The 2006 American Association of Feline Practitioners Feline Vaccine Advisory Panel report. J Am Vet Med Asooc 2006;229(9):1405-1441.