The classification of a clinical condition as autoimmune poses several dilemmas.

Recent recommendations for vaccination of dogs and cats have diverged from the previously adhered to yearly multiple booster schedule.

The patient that presents with recurrent infections may have an underlying immune deficiency or dysfunction.

The antinuclear antibody test is an assay that detects the presence of antibodies that bind to nuclear antigens.

Comparative biology is amazing when one considers the parallels of immune function and dysfunction in various species.

The recognition that dietary constituents play a significant role in not only maintaining good health, but also preventing chronic disease, is a relatively new phenomenon in veterinary medicine in comparison to the long history of pet nutrition and studies of nutritional deprivation.